數據流通的歐盟戰略及其鏡鑒
網絡安全與數據治理 9期
景然
(浙江工商大學法學院,浙江杭州310018)
摘要: 歐盟近年來著重數據流通,其相關戰略可提煉為數據主權、單一市場與共同空間。數據主權是歐盟因應數據博弈的核心戰略,內松外嚴的數據流動模式為其理念。單一數據市場是維護數據主權的關鍵路徑,歐盟制定系列法案意圖建設“公平、自立,跨地域、跨領域”的數據市場。共同數據空間是建設數據市場的助推機制,歐盟將基于基礎設施打造若干數據空間。對此,中國須理性鏡鑒,立足國情而非削足適履,建構扎根中國大地的數據流通制度體系。
中圖分類號:D92; D99
文獻標識碼:A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.09.006
引用格式:景然.數據主權、單一市場與共同空間:數據流通的歐盟戰略及其鏡鑒[J].網絡安全與數據治理,2023,42(9):36-41.
文獻標識碼:A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.09.006
引用格式:景然.數據主權、單一市場與共同空間:數據流通的歐盟戰略及其鏡鑒[J].網絡安全與數據治理,2023,42(9):36-41.
Data sovereignty,single market and common space: the EU strategy for data flows and its mirroring
Jing Ran
(School of Law, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China)
Abstract: The EU has focused on data flows in recent years, and its relevant strategies can be summarized as data sovereignty, single market and common space. Data sovereignty is the core strategy of the EU in response to the data competition, and the concept of a loose internal and strict external data flow model is its philosophy. The single data market is the key path to maintain data sovereignty, and the EU has enacted a series of laws to build a "fair and self-sustaining data market across geographic and sectoral boundaries". The common data space is a mechanism to help build the data market, and the EU will create several data spaces based on infrastructure. In this regard, China must be rational, based on national conditions rather than cutting the feet to fit the shoes, and build a data circulation system rooted in Chinese soil.
Key words : European Union; data sovereignty; data element market; data space; data base system
0 引言
隨著人類進入數字時代,各國劍指數字經濟發展并著重施墨于數據流通。而歐盟在數據流通的戰略方面獨樹一幟,成為各國規則制定的重要標尺。自《通用數據保護條例》(GDPR)生效后,歐盟陸續發布多個數據相關的文件,大體可以分為三類:第一類是以《歐州數據戰略》《歐洲數字主權》為代表的關于歐盟歷史以及未來五至十年實現數據經濟所需的政策措施和投資策略的戰略性文件;第二類是以《數字市場法案》(DMA)、《數字服務法案》(DSA)為代表的關于大型數字平臺的義務與監管以及市場競爭規則的相關法律;第三類是以《數據治理法案》(DGA)、《數據法案》(DA)為代表的關于不同類型數據的流動方式以及相應主體權利義務的相關法律。
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作者信息:
景然
(浙江工商大學法學院,浙江杭州310018)
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